What is Fine Blanking and How Does It Work?

What is fine blanking?

Precision stamping, as the name suggests, originated from ordinary stamping. When we have high precision requirements for the surface smoothness of stamped parts, ordinary stamped parts cannot meet the high precision requirements for the cross-sectional precision. People have found a stamping method that can control the cross-sectional precision, that is, fine blanking.

Simply put, fine blanking ≈ stamping + cold extrusion. Under the premise of equivalent quality, fine blanking is a low-cost substitute for machining and powder metallurgy.

The working principle of fine blanking

Everyone has experience tearing paper. Under the pure tensile force, cracks will freely extend, and the obtained cross-section is generally zigzag. If using scissors to separate, the upper and lower parts of the scissors will produce pressure on the separation area of the paper, and the separation cross-section will be neatly separated strictly according to the direction of the scissors. Precision stamping also follows the same principle.

Since the paper is relatively soft, the upper and lower scissor structure can easily transfer pressure to the entire cutting area. However, as far as metals are concerned, due to their high hardness, special mechanisms must be used to effectively transfer pressure to the entire cutting area.

The working principle of the tooth ring pressure plate fine blanking process is that the three-dynamic press works on the processed material and applies three-way pressure stress to the processing area, so that the deformation area of the material is fully in pressure stress during the separation process.

Microscopically, when the material organization moves relatively during separation, the slip motion of the grain boundaries cannot extend freely (the grain boundary separation motion is not restricted and can be extended freely, that is, cracks are generated) due to the action of pressure stress but is strictly limited to a very small convex and concave mold clearance area and slides along the direction of the punch. Macroscopically, a neat separation cross section is produced, that is, a fine blanking cross section.

Therefore, the essence of fine blanking is that the material separation area always maintains pressure stress during the separation process. The process of fine blanking is the process of controlling pressure stress.

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